Journal: Frontiers in Endocrinology

Article Title: Metabolic adaptation to acute metabolic stress via PFKFB3 upregulation in rodent beta cells

doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1552700

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of restricted feeding and SGLT2i on glucose tolerance and PFKFB3 expression in pancreatic islets of ob/ob mice. (A) Blood glucose changes during an oral glucose tolerance test after being fed a standard chow diet ad libitum, restricted to 2 g/day, or ad libitum with tofogliflozin added from 8 to 12 weeks of age. White circles, ad-libitum feeding ob/ob mice; gray circles, restricted feeding ob/ob mice; black circles, ad-libitum feeding, SGLT2i-treated ob/ob mice. (B) Area under the curve of the oral glucose tolerance test. (C) Representative western blot of PFKFB3 and HIF1α protein levels in pancreatic islets of ob/ob mice. The gels and blots were cropped for clarity. For full photos, see Supplementary Figure S13 . (D) Quantification of PFKFB3 expression in islets under different conditions. Data are normalized to β-actin expression. White bar, ad-libitum feeding ob/ob mice; gray bar, restricted feeding ob/ob mice; black bar, ad-libitum feeding, SGLT2i-treated ob/ob mice. (E) Immunohistochemical staining of insulin and PFKFB3 in pancreatic islets. Red, PFKFB3; green, insulin. Yellow bar; 100 μm. Data are mean ± SD. N = 16–18 in (A, B) and 4 in (D) . * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test. SGLT2i, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor; HIF1α, hypoxia inducible factor α; PFKFB3, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3; AU, arbitrary units.

Article Snippet: Tofogliflozin, a SGLT2i, was provided by Kowa Company, Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining